Laravel Cashier

• Introduction
• Upgrading Cashier
• Installation
• Configuration
  • Billable Model
  • API Keys
  • Currency Configuration
• Customers
  • Creating Customers
• Payment Methods
  • Storing Payment Methods
  • Retrieving Payment Methods
  • Determining If A User Has A Payment Method
  • Updating The Default Payment Method
  • Adding Payment Methods
  • Deleting Payment Methods
• Subscriptions
  • Creating Subscriptions
  • Checking Subscription Status
  • Changing Plans
  • Subscription Quantity
  • Subscription Taxes
  • Subscription Anchor Date
  • Cancelling Subscriptions
  • Resuming Subscriptions
• Subscription Trials
  • With Payment Method Up Front
  • Without Payment Method Up Front
• Handling Stripe Webhooks
  • Defining Webhook Event Handlers
  • Failed Subscriptions
  • Verifying Webhook Signatures
• Single Charges
  • Simple Charge
  • Charge With Invoice
  • Refunding Charges
• Invoices
  • Generating Invoice PDFs
• Strong Customer Authentication (SCA)
  • Payments Requiring Additional Confirmation
  • Off-session Payment Notifications

Introduction

Laravel Cashier provides an expressive, fluent interface to Stripe's subscription billing services. It handles almost all of the boilerplate subscription billing code you are dreading writing. In addition to basic subscription management, Cashier can handle coupons, swapping subscription, subscription "quantities", cancellation grace periods, and even generate invoice PDFs.

Upgrading Cashier

When upgrading to a new version of Cashier, it's important that you carefully review the upgrade guide.

Installation

First, require the Cashier package for Stripe with Composer:

composer require laravel/cashier

Database Migrations

The Cashier service provider registers its own database migration directory, so remember to migrate your database after installing the package. The Cashier migrations will add several columns to your users table as well as create a new subscriptions table to hold all of your customer's subscriptions:

php artisan migrate

If you need to overwrite the migrations that ship with the Cashier package, you can publish them using the vendor:publish Artisan command:

php artisan vendor:publish --tag="cashier-migrations"

If you would like to prevent Cashier's migrations from running entirely, you may use the ignoreMigrations provided by Cashier. Typically, this method should be called in the register method of your AppServiceProvider:

use Laravel\Cashier\Cashier;
 
Cashier::ignoreMigrations();

Configuration

Billable Model

Before using Cashier, add the Billable trait to your model definition. This trait provides various methods to allow you to perform common billing tasks, such as creating subscriptions, applying coupons, and updating payment method information:

use Laravel\Cashier\Billable;
 
class User extends Authenticatable
{
    use Billable;
}

Cashier assumes your Billable model will be the App\User class that ships with Laravel. If you wish to change this you can specify a different model in your .env file:

CASHIER_MODEL=App\User

API Keys

Next, you should configure your Stripe key in your .env file. You can retrieve your Stripe API keys from the Stripe control panel.

STRIPE_KEY=your-stripe-key
STRIPE_SECRET=your-stripe-secret

Currency Configuration

The default Cashier currency is United States Dollars (USD). You can change the default currency by setting the CASHIER_CURRENCY environment variable:

CASHIER_CURRENCY=eur

In addition to configuring Cashier's currency, you may also specify a locale to be used when formatting money values for display on invoices. Internally, Cashier utilizes PHP's NumberFormatter class to set the currency locale:

CASHIER_CURRENCY_LOCALE=nl_BE

Customers

Creating Customers

Occasionally, you may wish to create a Stripe customer without beginning a subscription. You may accomplish this using the createAsStripeCustomer method:

$user->createAsStripeCustomer();

Once the customer has been created in Stripe, you may begin a subscription at a later date.

Payment Methods

Storing Payment Methods

In order to create subscriptions or perform "one off" charges with Stripe, you will need to store a payment method and retrieve its identifier from Stripe. The approach used to accomplish differs based on whether you plan to use the payment method for subscriptions or single charges, so we will examine both below.

Payment Methods For Subscriptions

When storing credit cards to a customer for future use, the Stripe Setup Intents API must be used to securely gather the customer's payment method details. A "Setup Intent" indicates to Stripe the intention to charge a customer's payment method. Cashier's Billable trait includes the createSetupIntent to easily create a new Setup Intent. You should call this method from the route or controller that will render the form which gathers your customer's payment method details:

return view('update-payment-method', [
    'intent' => $user->createSetupIntent()
]);

After you have created the Setup Intent and passed it to the view, you should attach its secret to the element that will gather the payment method. For example, consider this "update payment method" form:

<input id="card-holder-name" type="text">
 
<!-- Stripe Elements Placeholder -->
<div id="card-element"></div>
 
<button id="card-button" data-secret="{{ $intent->client_secret }}">
    Update Payment Method
</button>

Next, the Stripe.js library may be used to attach a Stripe Element to the form and securely gather the customer's payment details:

<script src="https://js.stripe.com/v3/"></script>
 
<script>
    const stripe = Stripe('stripe-public-key');
 
    const elements = stripe.elements();
    const cardElement = elements.create('card');
 
    cardElement.mount('#card-element');
</script>

Next, the card can be verified and a secure "payment method identifier" can be retrieved from Stripe using Stripe's handleCardSetup method:

const cardHolderName = document.getElementById('card-holder-name');
const cardButton = document.getElementById('card-button');
const clientSecret = cardButton.dataset.secret;
 
cardButton.addEventListener('click', async (e) => {
    const { setupIntent, error } = await stripe.handleCardSetup(
        clientSecret, cardElement, {
            payment_method_data: {
                billing_details: { name: cardHolderName.value }
            }
        }
    );
 
    if (error) {
        // Display "error.message" to the user...
    } else {
        // The card has been verified successfully...
    }
});

After the card has been verified by Stripe, you may pass the resulting setupIntent.payment_method identifier to your Laravel application, where it can be attached to the customer. The payment method can either be added as a new payment method or used to update the default payment method. You can also immediately use the payment method identifier to create a new subscription.

Payment Methods For Single Charges

Of course, when making a single charge against a customer's payment method we'll only need to use a payment method identifier a single time. Due to Stripe limitations, you may not use the stored default payment method of a customer for single charges. You must allow the customer to enter their payment method details using the Stripe.js library. For example, consider the following form:

<input id="card-holder-name" type="text">
 
<!-- Stripe Elements Placeholder -->
<div id="card-element"></div>
 
<button id="card-button">
    Process Payment
</button>

Next, the Stripe.js library may be used to attach a Stripe Element to the form and securely gather the customer's payment details:

<script src="https://js.stripe.com/v3/"></script>
 
<script>
    const stripe = Stripe('stripe-public-key');
 
    const elements = stripe.elements();
    const cardElement = elements.create('card');
 
    cardElement.mount('#card-element');
</script>

Next, the card can be verified and a secure "payment method identifier" can be retrieved from Stripe using Stripe's createPaymentMethod method:

const cardHolderName = document.getElementById('card-holder-name');
const cardButton = document.getElementById('card-button');
 
cardButton.addEventListener('click', async (e) => {
    const { paymentMethod, error } = await stripe.createPaymentMethod(
        'card', cardElement, {
            billing_details: { name: cardHolderName.value }
        }
    );
 
    if (error) {
        // Display "error.message" to the user...
    } else {
        // The card has been verified successfully...
    }
});

If the card is verified successfully, you may pass the paymentMethod.id to your Laravel application and process a single charge.

Retrieving Payment Methods

The paymentMethods method on the Billable model instance returns a collection of Laravel\Cashier\PaymentMethod instances:

$paymentMethods = $user->paymentMethods();

To retrieve the default payment method, the defaultPaymentMethod method may be used;

$paymentMethod = $user->defaultPaymentMethod();

Determining If A User Has A Payment Method

To determine if a Billable model has a payment method attached to their account, use the hasPaymentMethod method:

if ($user->hasPaymentMethod()) {
    //
}

Updating The Default Payment Method

The updateDefaultPaymentMethod method may be used to update a customer's default payment method information. This method accepts a Stripe payment method identifier and will assign the new payment method as the default billing payment method:

$user->updateDefaultPaymentMethod($paymentMethod);

To sync your default payment method information with the customer's default payment method information in Stripe, you may use the updateDefaultPaymentMethodFromStripe method:

$user->updateDefaultPaymentMethodFromStripe();

Adding Payment Methods

To add a new payment method, you may call the addPaymentMethod method on the billable user, passing the payment method identifier:

$user->addPaymentMethod($paymentMethod);

Deleting Payment Methods

To delete a payment method, you may call the delete method on the Laravel\Cashier\PaymentMethod instance you wish to delete:

$paymentMethod->delete();

The deletePaymentMethods method will delete all of the payment method information for the Billable model:

$user->deletePaymentMethods();

Subscriptions

Creating Subscriptions

To create a subscription, first retrieve an instance of your billable model, which typically will be an instance of App\User. Once you have retrieved the model instance, you may use the newSubscription method to create the model's subscription:

$user = User::find(1);
 
$user->newSubscription('main', 'premium')->create($paymentMethod);

The first argument passed to the newSubscription method should be the name of the subscription. If your application only offers a single subscription, you might call this main or primary. The second argument is the specific plan the user is subscribing to. This value should correspond to the plan's identifier in Stripe.

The create method, which accepts a Stripe payment method identifier or Stripe PaymentMethod object, will begin the subscription as well as update your database with the customer ID and other relevant billing information.

Additional User Details

If you would like to specify additional customer details, you may do so by passing them as the second argument to the create method:

$user->newSubscription('main', 'monthly')->create($paymentMethod, [
    'email' => $email,
]);

To learn more about the additional fields supported by Stripe, check out Stripe's documentation on customer creation.

Coupons

If you would like to apply a coupon when creating the subscription, you may use the withCoupon method:

$user->newSubscription('main', 'monthly')
     ->withCoupon('code')
     ->create($paymentMethod);

Checking Subscription Status

Once a user is subscribed to your application, you may easily check their subscription status using a variety of convenient methods. First, the subscribed method returns true if the user has an active subscription, even if the subscription is currently within its trial period:

if ($user->subscribed('main')) {
    //
}

The subscribed method also makes a great candidate for a route middleware, allowing you to filter access to routes and controllers based on the user's subscription status:

public function handle($request, Closure $next)
{
    if ($request->user() && ! $request->user()->subscribed('main')) {
        // This user is not a paying customer...
        return redirect('billing');
    }
 
    return $next($request);
}

If you would like to determine if a user is still within their trial period, you may use the onTrial method. This method can be useful for displaying a warning to the user that they are still on their trial period:

if ($user->subscription('main')->onTrial()) {
    //
}

The subscribedToPlan method may be used to determine if the user is subscribed to a given plan based on a given Stripe plan ID. In this example, we will determine if the user's main subscription is actively subscribed to the monthly plan:

if ($user->subscribedToPlan('monthly', 'main')) {
    //
}

The recurring method may be used to determine if the user is currently subscribed and is no longer within their trial period:

if ($user->subscription('main')->recurring()) {
    //
}

Cancelled Subscription Status

To determine if the user was once an active subscriber, but has cancelled their subscription, you may use the cancelled method:

if ($user->subscription('main')->cancelled()) {
    //
}

You may also determine if a user has cancelled their subscription, but are still on their "grace period" until the subscription fully expires. For example, if a user cancels a subscription on March 5th that was originally scheduled to expire on March 10th, the user is on their "grace period" until March 10th. Note that the subscribed method still returns true during this time:

if ($user->subscription('main')->onGracePeriod()) {
    //
}

To determine if the user has cancelled their subscription and is no longer within their "grace period", you may use the ended method:

if ($user->subscription('main')->ended()) {
    //
}

Incomplete and Past Due Status

If a subscription requires a secondary payment action after creation the subscription will be marked as incomplete. Subscription statuses are stored in the stripe_status column of Cashier's subscriptions database table.

Similarly, if a secondary payment action is required when swapping plans the subscription will be marked as past_due. When your subscription is in either of these states it will not be active until the customer has confirmed their payment. Checking if a subscription has an incomplete payment can be done using the hasIncompletePayment method on the Billable model or a subscription instance:

if ($user->hasIncompletePayment('main')) {
    //
}
 
if ($user->subscription('main')->hasIncompletePayment()) {
    //
}

When a subscription has an incomplete payment, you should direct the user to Cashier's payment confirmation page, passing the latestPayment identifier. You may use the latestPayment method available on subscription instance to retrieve this identifier:

<a href="{{ route('cashier.payment', $subscription->latestPayment()->id) }}">
    Please confirm your payment.
</a>

Changing Plans

After a user is subscribed to your application, they may occasionally want to change to a new subscription plan. To swap a user to a new subscription, pass the plan's identifier to the swap method:

$user = App\User::find(1);
 
$user->subscription('main')->swap('provider-plan-id');

If the user is on trial, the trial period will be maintained. Also, if a "quantity" exists for the subscription, that quantity will also be maintained.

If you would like to swap plans and cancel any trial period the user is currently on, you may use the skipTrial method:

$user->subscription('main')
        ->skipTrial()
        ->swap('provider-plan-id');

If you would like to swap plans and immediately invoice the user instead of waiting for their next billing cycle, you may use the swapAndInvoice method:

$user = App\User::find(1);
 
$user->subscription('main')->swapAndInvoice('provider-plan-id');

Subscription Quantity

Sometimes subscriptions are affected by "quantity". For example, your application might charge $10 per month per user on an account. To easily increment or decrement your subscription quantity, use the incrementQuantity and decrementQuantity methods:

$user = User::find(1);
 
$user->subscription('main')->incrementQuantity();
 
// Add five to the subscription's current quantity...
$user->subscription('main')->incrementQuantity(5);
 
$user->subscription('main')->decrementQuantity();
 
// Subtract five to the subscription's current quantity...
$user->subscription('main')->decrementQuantity(5);

Alternatively, you may set a specific quantity using the updateQuantity method:

$user->subscription('main')->updateQuantity(10);

The noProrate method may be used to update the subscription's quantity without pro-rating the charges:

$user->subscription('main')->noProrate()->updateQuantity(10);

For more information on subscription quantities, consult the Stripe documentation.

Subscription Taxes

To specify the tax percentage a user pays on a subscription, implement the taxPercentage method on your billable model, and return a numeric value between 0 and 100, with no more than 2 decimal places.

public function taxPercentage()
{
    return 20;
}

The taxPercentage method enables you to apply a tax rate on a model-by-model basis, which may be helpful for a user base that spans multiple countries and tax rates.

Syncing Tax Percentages

When changing the hard-coded value returned by the taxPercentage method, the tax settings on any existing subscriptions for the user will remain the same. If you wish to update the tax value for existing subscriptions with the returned taxPercentage value, you should call the syncTaxPercentage method on the user's subscription instance:

$user->subscription('main')->syncTaxPercentage();

Subscription Anchor Date

By default, the billing cycle anchor is the date the subscription was created, or if a trial period is used, the date that the trial ends. If you would like to modify the billing anchor date, you may use the anchorBillingCycleOn method:

use App\User;
use Carbon\Carbon;
 
$user = User::find(1);
 
$anchor = Carbon::parse('first day of next month');
 
$user->newSubscription('main', 'premium')
            ->anchorBillingCycleOn($anchor->startOfDay())
            ->create($paymentMethod);

For more information on managing subscription billing cycles, consult the Stripe billing cycle documentation

Cancelling Subscriptions

To cancel a subscription, call the cancel method on the user's subscription:

$user->subscription('main')->cancel();

When a subscription is cancelled, Cashier will automatically set the ends_at column in your database. This column is used to know when the subscribed method should begin returning false. For example, if a customer cancels a subscription on March 1st, but the subscription was not scheduled to end until March 5th, the subscribed method will continue to return true until March 5th.

You may determine if a user has cancelled their subscription but are still on their "grace period" using the onGracePeriod method:

if ($user->subscription('main')->onGracePeriod()) {
    //
}

If you wish to cancel a subscription immediately, call the cancelNow method on the user's subscription:

$user->subscription('main')->cancelNow();

Resuming Subscriptions

If a user has cancelled their subscription and you wish to resume it, use the resume method. The user must still be on their grace period in order to resume a subscription:

$user->subscription('main')->resume();

If the user cancels a subscription and then resumes that subscription before the subscription has fully expired, they will not be billed immediately. Instead, their subscription will be re-activated, and they will be billed on the original billing cycle.

Subscription Trials

With Payment Method Up Front

If you would like to offer trial periods to your customers while still collecting payment method information up front, you should use the trialDays method when creating your subscriptions:

$user = User::find(1);
 
$user->newSubscription('main', 'monthly')
            ->trialDays(10)
            ->create($paymentMethod);

This method will set the trial period ending date on the subscription record within the database, as well as instruct Stripe to not begin billing the customer until after this date. When using the trialDays method, Cashier will overwrite any default trial period configured for the plan in Stripe.

The trialUntil method allows you to provide a DateTime instance to specify when the trial period should end:

use Carbon\Carbon;
 
$user->newSubscription('main', 'monthly')
            ->trialUntil(Carbon::now()->addDays(10))
            ->create($paymentMethod);

You may determine if the user is within their trial period using either the onTrial method of the user instance, or the onTrial method of the subscription instance. The two examples below are identical:

if ($user->onTrial('main')) {
    //
}
 
if ($user->subscription('main')->onTrial()) {
    //
}

Without Payment Method Up Front

If you would like to offer trial periods without collecting the user's payment method information up front, you may set the trial_ends_at column on the user record to your desired trial ending date. This is typically done during user registration:

$user = User::create([
    // Populate other user properties...
    'trial_ends_at' => now()->addDays(10),
]);

Cashier refers to this type of trial as a "generic trial", since it is not attached to any existing subscription. The onTrial method on the User instance will return true if the current date is not past the value of trial_ends_at:

if ($user->onTrial()) {
    // User is within their trial period...
}

You may also use the onGenericTrial method if you wish to know specifically that the user is within their "generic" trial period and has not created an actual subscription yet:

if ($user->onGenericTrial()) {
    // User is within their "generic" trial period...
}

Once you are ready to create an actual subscription for the user, you may use the newSubscription method as usual:

$user = User::find(1);
 
$user->newSubscription('main', 'monthly')->create($paymentMethod);

Handling Stripe Webhooks

Stripe can notify your application of a variety of events via webhooks. By default, a route that points to Cashier's webhook controller is configured through the Cashier service provider. This controller will handle all incoming webhook requests.

By default, this controller will automatically handle cancelling subscriptions that have too many failed charges (as defined by your Stripe settings), customer updates, customer deletions, subscription updates, and payment method changes; however, as we'll soon discover, you can extend this controller to handle any webhook event you like.

To ensure your application can handle Stripe webhooks, be sure to configure the webhook URL in the Stripe control panel. The full list of all webhooks you should configure in the Stripe control panel are:

• customer.subscription.updated
• customer.subscription.deleted
• customer.updated
• customer.deleted
• invoice.payment_action_required

Webhooks & CSRF Protection

Since Stripe webhooks need to bypass Laravel's CSRF protection, be sure to list the URI as an exception in your VerifyCsrfToken middleware or list the route outside of the web middleware group:

protected $except = [
    'stripe/*',
];

Defining Webhook Event Handlers

Cashier automatically handles subscription cancellation on failed charges, but if you have additional webhook events you would like to handle, extend the Webhook controller. Your method names should correspond to Cashier's expected convention, specifically, methods should be prefixed with handle and the "camel case" name of the webhook you wish to handle. For example, if you wish to handle the invoice.payment_succeeded webhook, you should add a handleInvoicePaymentSucceeded method to the controller:

<?php
 
namespace App\Http\Controllers;
 
use Laravel\Cashier\Http\Controllers\WebhookController as CashierController;
 
class WebhookController extends CashierController
{
    /**
     * Handle invoice payment succeeded.
     *
     * @param  array  $payload
     * @return \Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response
     */
    public function handleInvoicePaymentSucceeded($payload)
    {
        // Handle The Event
    }
}

Next, define a route to your Cashier controller within your routes/web.php file. This will overwrite the default shipped route:

Route::post(
    'stripe/webhook',
    '\App\Http\Controllers\WebhookController@handleWebhook'
);

Failed Subscriptions

What if a customer's credit card expires? No worries - Cashier's Webhook controller will cancel the customer's subscription for you. Failed payments will automatically be captured and handled by the controller. The controller will cancel the customer's subscription when Stripe determines the subscription has failed (normally after three failed payment attempts).

Verifying Webhook Signatures

To secure your webhooks, you may use Stripe's webhook signatures. For convenience, Cashier automatically includes a middleware which validates that the incoming Stripe webhook request is valid.

To enable webhook verification, ensure that the STRIPE_WEBHOOK_SECRET environment variable is set in your .env file. The webhook secret may be retrieved from your Stripe account dashboard.

Single Charges

Simple Charge

If you would like to make a "one off" charge against a subscribed customer's payment method, you may use the charge method on a billable model instance. You'll need to provide a payment method identifier as the second argument:

// Stripe Accepts Charges In Cents...
$stripeCharge = $user->charge(100, $paymentMethod);

The charge method accepts an array as its third argument, allowing you to pass any options you wish to the underlying Stripe charge creation. Consult the Stripe documentation regarding the options available to you when creating charges:

$user->charge(100, $paymentMethod, [
    'custom_option' => $value,
]);

The charge method will throw an exception if the charge fails. If the charge is successful, an instance of Laravel\Cashier\Payment will be returned from the method:

try {
    $payment = $user->charge(100, $paymentMethod);
} catch (Exception $e) {
    //
}

Charge With Invoice

Sometimes you may need to make a one-time charge but also generate an invoice for the charge so that you may offer a PDF receipt to your customer. The invoiceFor method lets you do just that. For example, let's invoice the customer $5.00 for a "One Time Fee":

// Stripe Accepts Charges In Cents...
$user->invoiceFor('One Time Fee', 500);

The invoice will be charged immediately against the user's default payment method. The invoiceFor method also accepts an array as its third argument. This array contains the billing options for the invoice item. The fourth argument accepted by the method is also an array. This final argument accepts the billing options for the invoice itself:

$user->invoiceFor('Stickers', 500, [
    'quantity' => 50,
], [
    'tax_percent' => 21,
]);

Refunding Charges

If you need to refund a Stripe charge, you may use the refund method. This method accepts the Stripe Payment Intent ID as its first argument:

$payment = $user->charge(100, $paymentMethod);
 
$user->refund($payment->id);

Invoices

You may easily retrieve an array of a billable model's invoices using the invoices method:

$invoices = $user->invoices();
 
// Include pending invoices in the results...
$invoices = $user->invoicesIncludingPending();

When listing the invoices for the customer, you may use the invoice's helper methods to display the relevant invoice information. For example, you may wish to list every invoice in a table, allowing the user to easily download any of them:

<table>
    @foreach ($invoices as $invoice)
        <tr>
            <td>{{ $invoice->date()->toFormattedDateString() }}</td>
            <td>{{ $invoice->total() }}</td>
            <td><a href="/user/invoice/{{ $invoice->id }}">Download</a></td>
        </tr>
    @endforeach
</table>

Generating Invoice PDFs

From within a route or controller, use the downloadInvoice method to generate a PDF download of the invoice. This method will automatically generate the proper HTTP response to send the download to the browser:

use Illuminate\Http\Request;
 
Route::get('user/invoice/{invoice}', function (Request $request, $invoiceId) {
    return $request->user()->downloadInvoice($invoiceId, [
        'vendor' => 'Your Company',
        'product' => 'Your Product',
    ]);
});

Strong Customer Authentication

If your business is based in Europe you will need to abide by the Strong Customer Authentication (SCA) regulations. These regulations were imposed in September 2019 by the European Union to prevent payment fraud. Luckily, Stripe and Cashier are prepared for building SCA compliant applications.

Payments Requiring Additional Confirmation

SCA regulations often require extra verification in order to confirm and process a payment. When this happens, Cashier will throw an IncompletePayment exception that informs you that this extra verification is needed. After catching this exception, you have two options on how to proceed.

First, you could redirect your customer to the dedicated payment confirmation page which is included with Cashier. This page already has an associated route that is registered via Cashier's service provider. So, you may catch the IncompletePayment exception and redirect to the payment confirmation page:

use Laravel\Cashier\Exceptions\IncompletePayment;
 
try {
    $subscription = $user->newSubscription('default', $planId)
                            ->create($paymentMethod);
} catch (IncompletePayment $exception) {
    return redirect()->route(
        'cashier.payment',
        [$exception->payment->id, 'redirect' => route('home')]
    );
}

On the payment confirmation page, the customer will be prompted to enter their credit card info again and perform any additional actions required by Stripe, such as "3D Secure" confirmation. After confirming their payment, the user will be redirected to the URL provided by the redirect parameter specified above.

Alternatively, you could allow Stripe to handle the payment confirmation for you. In this case, instead of redirecting to the payment confirmation page, you may setup Stripe's automatic billing emails in your Stripe dashboard. However, if an IncompletePayment exception is caught, you should still inform the user they will receive an email with further payment confirmation instructions.

Incomplete payment exceptions may be thrown for the following methods: charge, invoiceFor, and invoice on the Billable user. When handling subscriptions, the create method on the SubscriptionBuilder, and the incrementAndInvoice and swapAndInvoice methods on the Susbcription model may throw exceptions.

Incomplete and Past Due State

When a payment needs additional confirmation, the subscription will remain in an incomplete or past_due state as indicated by its stripe_status database column. Cashier will make automatically activate the customer's subscription via a webhook as soon as payment confirmation is complete.

For more information on incomplete and past_due states, please refer to our additional documentation.

Off-Session Payment Notifications

Since SCA regulations require customers to occasionally verify their payment details even while their subscription is active, Cashier can send a payment notification to the customer when off-session payment confirmation is required. For example, this may occur when a subscription is renewing. Cashier's payment notification can be enabled by setting the CASHIER_PAYMENT_NOTIFICATION environment variable to a notification class. By default, this notification is disabled. Of course, Cashier includes a notification class you may use for this purpose, but you are free to provide your own notification class if desired:

CASHIER_PAYMENT_NOTIFICATION=Laravel\Cashier\Notifications\ConfirmPayment

To ensure that off-session payment confirmation notifications are delivered, verify that Stripe webhooks are configured for your application and the invoice.payment_action_required webhook is enabled in your Stripe dashboard. In addition, your Billable model should also use Laravel's Illuminate\Notifications\Notifiable trait.